Constructional Treatment of the City of Mosul’s Buildings and their Sites in Arabic Islamic Ages
Ahmad
Al-Jum’a
Department of Archeology / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
The present paper deals with the constructional treatments in Mosul in regard to the nature of site and the maintenance of buildings. This includes reducing the effect of environment, reinforcing foundations, pressure on ceilings as well as distributing pressure on walls – all characteristics of civil engineering in Islamic ages. The ancient site of Mosul sloped gradually to the south and south-east which facilitated drainage of rainfall towards the Tigris river and kept underground waters off the foundations of buildings. Condensed groups of buildings increased their solidity while dome-shaped ceilings reduced the pressure on walls and foundations as the weight was distrilouted equally on them. At the same time, using columns in public buildings reduced the pressure of ceilings on the foundations and walls while the paired stairs the architects used in the Noori Mosque minaret reduced the pressure on its base and increased the tightening power of building materials round its middle axis. The lower part of the walls was covered from inside with marble belts to prevent wetness. The constructional treatments of buildings used local materials like limestone, gypsum, lime and bricks. Limestone helped increase the thickness of walls and reduced fracturesdue to its low expansion and contraction relative to changes in temperature, while gypsum is the best stone binding material. As for lime, it is the most suitable material for laying foundations.
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
11
28
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164806_270954ced162d4868d8049714c19f064.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164806
Interest System in Ancient Babylonian Era
Ahlaam
Al Talbi
College of Arts / University of Mosul.
author
text
article
2004
ara
Interest had been commonely used by Ancient Iraqis. It was represented in the Summerian language by the system MAS and in the Akkadian by the word sbtu. This system had been developed and spread during different historical eras especially in ancient Babylonian one in which private ownership system was widely common. This system reflects how diverse is the economic level between one close and another. This diversity made the poor people borrow money from merchants with interest. This discovered loans which represents a high precent of summerian texts helped us to know the due interest and its perecent as well as its legal terms. loans usually ends with the name of witnesses and date. Tese facts that the Iraqis had a very good knowledge of trade especially in ancient Babylonian era. They followed organized legal terms in determining interest percent. Though this system was common and usual in use, it contrasts with the values and principles of religion
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
29
42
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164799_8578eb3568c9b17cb52d144c363ef45d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164799
Sociology of knowledge when Ibn Rushd has a systematic view of reading Arab heritage
Shafeek E.
Al-Chbory
Sociology Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
All people know that Ibin Rushud is a philosopher and not a socialist, but his social writings for some of his philosophic books make him the dome (focus) of researchers, rather the logic and vision through which the researcher look to the society of rational knowledge (as it is a structural skeletal and research project) preparing as a mental structure during his work in translating and authoring was the first consideration which led him to arise whate the (researcher) thought of being existed with Ibin Rushud so he promotes it through his endevour to built a theoretical scheme which is in essence faithful, more over bears the adjustment and criticism in four axels... the first one was to present an ambitious project to read the Arabic civilization, which the second and the third axels were two bases on which Ibin Rushud’s thinking depending on, and finally the fourth axel where the knowledge social features have been clear to Ibin Rushud applicably, and we all
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
43
63
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164830_0e3bd3f0f0eaf1a8fc4a464325b6d6a0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164830
The Role of Al-Mas’udi in Developing Arabic Geographical thought in 4th Century A.H., 10th Century A.D.
Abdul Jabbar Hamid
Ahmad
Dept. of History - College of Arts / University of Mosul.
author
text
article
2004
ara
Abu Al-Hasan Ali Ibn Al-Hussein Al-Mas’udi was born in Baghdad in (287 A.H/900 A.D). He died in Egyption (346A.H/ 957A.D). He was aprominet Islamic Arab figure (4th Century A.H./10th Century A.D.) in the fields of Geography and history. His fame was clue to his many classifications and trips. The most important of his publication are (Murooj Al-Thahab wa Ma’adin Al-Jawhar), (Al-Tanbeeh wal- Ishrāf) and (Akhbar Al-Zaman).
His trips and Journeys lasted more than 30 years and included wide regions and many countries where in he wrote his observations and nates about the regions, Their in habitants, habits and fractifions. He also brought in varied geographical information that tallies with modern science, examples of which are the globality of the earth, the tide and phenomenon. As such, he contributed to the development of Arabic geographical thought
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
63
87
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164809_f92bd4b958f18b5dee697cae8feb5e3e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164809
Sufi methods and angles originated, developed and influenced in the modern Arab Maghreb
Zuher
Alnahas
History Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
The activity of sofism trends and Zwayas in Morocco had extended to the middle of the African Continent in order to spread the principles of the Islamic religion, in addition to it’s role in resisting the missionary movements which was led by the europian groups. The reason for such extention, was the faith of it’s followers and their desire to spread the right principles of Islam that was the begining for establishing the sofism trends which left vast effects in formulating and guiding the various political, economical, social and letirature aspects of life in Morocco. such effects were transfered by many of the historical, translating and travelling books. even that most of the (ottomans sultans), their rulers and some of the ruling families, were not able to capture the anthority in Morocco region, but with the help of their relations with the sofism trends.
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
87
113
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164828_e0b8f322f9ea3d0baf02cb45ad3c7623.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164828
The Ayyubid Emirate of Mayafariqin Pages from the history of Islamic jihad against the Mongol invasion
Alla
َQadaawi
History Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
This Emirate which lies in Diar Baker which is part of the cities of the Furat Island was established during the reign of Saladdin Al Ayyubi in 581 A.H / 1185 A.D. It was ruled by princes from the Ayyubi dynasty and it played an important role in the political events of the Islamic East. Mianfarqeen was targeted by the Mongols while invaiding the Arabic East. King Al Muthaffar who was its ruler accepted being subjugated to Mongols in 645 A.H./ 1247 A.D. in an attempt to protect this Emirate. Few months later, the king died, and his son king Al Kamel who declared his revolution against Mongols in 656 A.H./ 1258 A.D. succeeded his father in ruling the Emirate. He called for the unity of Muslims and giving support to the Abbasid caliph Al Mutasim whose carital Baghdad had been sieged by the Mongol army. King Al Kamel as well as the people of Miafarqeen resisted the Mongols severly, inflecting them heavy loss. Terefore, the Mongols were distturbed and their progress towards syria was stopped for one year. They could only occupy it after a one year siege and fighting.
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
113
128
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_168255_47b9b734a3d23485c89b2a58a82f0b47.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.168255
Al. Khamriayat poetry of Abu-Mihjen Al Thaqafi
Abd All
fathee
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
He was very well knight during Jahili and Islamic periods. He declared his belief of Islam when his tribe did that. He was accused of drinking Wine which was forbidden by Islam, Most of the saurces depended on one narration which accused the man of being in prison during Qadisiya battle in which he was clearly hero atter he escaped from his prison in order to take part of the battle. Al-aghani book astonishingly a depended mostly on such narrations which diminish him. We find no sign of describing wine in his dewan during Islamic period Never the less, it seems that his imprisonment in Qadisiya battle was for security reasons to prevent ramours a gainst the leader of Islamic army Saad bin Abi Waqqas. We concluded that after the talks between the poet and Saad himself which is a clear proof that he did not drink wine in Islam
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
129
148
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164831_8661cd4b71e2d758d5bbfd43b672f51f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164831
Critical Discourse in Abu-Bakr Al-Khawarismy
Museer Hameed
Saeed
Department of Arabic Language / College of Literature / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Al-Tha’aliby-Abu Bakr’s students says of his master: “He is Abu Baker Muhammed Bin Al-Abbas Al-Khawarismy, arare man of letters, he is a seldom man of literature. His knowledge in verse is outstanding. He used to combine useful and striking rhetorics. Also, he used to lecture in Al-Arab deeds and their prosperous days of literature. In addition, he used to teach language grammar and poetry. His speech is rare and attractive for all the men of letters at his time. For he used to talk with every rhetoric expression which adds to his outstanding fome. His Poems are immortal witness for his glamorous, shining rank in the world of letters.
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
149
164
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164811_6485245ee78b9fccad0cad46600dea52.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164811
The research entitled the Root “H. R. B”. a study in the contextual and lexical semantics in the light of the Quranic use
Firas
Abd Al-Azeez
Department of Arabic Language / College of Literature / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
A lexis of the Qlourous Quran, the inaccessible in its lexis, syntax and style. A lexis has various contextual meanings discovered through the reading of its text. A careful reading is needed.
This research is concerned in the lexis “Harb” “war” in the Quranic use.
A complete lexical analysis is done on the lexis and then an attempt to discover its meanings in the Qlourous Quran.
The lexis appears in six places in Quran, all of them are “eladania”. Three meaning were discovered. War means “fight” in three places and “contempt” in two places and finally it means “suffering” in one place.
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
165
176
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164832_1b4271cbce43036e929b4d40281c491d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164832
The Quantity Differences in Arabic / its Concept and Appearance
Layla
Ali
Department of Arabic Language - College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
In Arabic, every word puts to represent its meaning, that singular represents the singular, dual represents dual, and plural represents plural in order to obtain agreement between the two words to complete the meaning on one hand, but on the other hand there are no agreement between them in the same meaning such as singular represent dual, singular represents plural, dual and plural represent singular, dual represents plural. If the singular represents singular, dual represents dual, and the plural represents plural that means quantity agreement, but if differs that means quantity differences.
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
177
192
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164817_2517fba95299592dee8ef1bed5d72d1b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164817
globalization and literature
Raad
Salih
- Department of English Language - College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
The paoer deals with globalization and literature, and how globalization as a phenamenon affects literature in its differeat genre.The paper traces, too, the roots of globalization in literature which are found in the writing, of the American writers like Hemingway and Fitzgerald. The Amerzan hero appears in the writing of Hemingway as a saroir and an example to be followed all over the world. Then the paper emphasizes on the effect of globalization on Arabic literature. Finally the paper ends with certech results and recommendations
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
193
208
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164820_6c4a3ed8304d50a91848e368e87d4805.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2003.164820
The Effect of Organizational Structure in Fulfilling the Library targets
Mahmood
Ismaeel
Department of Information and Libraries / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Bdiea
ِAbdulrahman
Department of Library / Technical Institute / Mosul.
author
Lana
Mahmood
College of Administration and Economics / Salahuddin University
author
text
article
2004
ara
This research. intitled “the effect of organizational Structure in fulfilling the Library targets’, aims at specifying the type of organizational structure and measuring the degree of the fulfilled targets in the academic central libraries at the north of Iraq: Mosul university central library, Duhouk university central library, Salahaldeen university central library in a duration between 1/7/2003 to 30/6/2004. The survey is used as a tool to collect information displayed to general librarians managers of libraries, chiefs of technical departments and units and administration managers. The main results of this research reveal the followings: The organizational structure of Mosul central library is mixture between mechanism and organism structure while the other two libraries is that of a mechanic structure. The percentage weight in order to attain library targets reaches to (78.6) at Mosul central library, while it reaches to (52.2) at Duhouk’s and reaches to (49.2) at Salahaldeen.
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
209
231
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164810_fee33ac04f93c32c55ef631d47cd0a0c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164810
The policy of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wali of Egypt, towards Iraq and the Arabian Gulf, and the position of Britain and the Ottoman state, 1816-1840 (Master Thesis)
Syher
Kamal
History Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Ibrahim
Alallaf
History Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
233
234
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164839_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164839
The Ottoman Policy towards the Administration of Mount Lebanon 1861-1918 (Master Thesis)
Mahmood
Saeed
History Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
ُIsmat
AbdulKadeer
History Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
235
235
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164840_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164840
Descriptions of Women in the Noble Qur’an :Study and Lexicon (Master’s Thesis)
Bushra
Mohamed Ali
College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Amer
Alhiali
College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Abdulazeez
Taha
College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
236
237
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164841_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164841
Linguistic investigations in the book “Al Mutla’ ala-Abwab al-Muqan'’” by Shams al-Din al-Hanbali (d. 709 AH) -- (Master's thesis)
Duaa
Nory
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Talal
Ibrahim
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
237
238
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164842_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164842
Prosecution in the cognate object of the Holy Qur’an Grammatical Study - Semantic - (Master)
salim
Nasir
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Emad
Yahya
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
The study This study is the proxy study in its effect in the following manner, grammar, grammar, and evidence, and the purpose of this study is that the study will reveal the aspects for its sake, and its origins to the manner in which it was designed for this behavior - the proxy - in a remarkable representation, and we made our study with the side with The grammatical aspect, and the evidence, along with grammar, grammar, is correct, dependent, separating it from the connotation, they both stem from one problem, and this mixing in the study is little neglected except in the latter, while the interpretation of the firsts knows they were dependent on the data to explain phenomena, grammar, and we made The field of our study is the Noble Qur’an as a request for blessing, and for the love of knowing its endless secrets.
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
239
240
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164843_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164843
The Short Story of Ahmed Khalaf (Technical Study) (Master Thesis)
Sarua
Ahmed
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Fatema
Jasim
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
241
242
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164844_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164844
Nature in the genius genius poetry (Master Thesis)
Ali
Salah
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Abdullah
AlDaheer
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
243
244
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164845_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164845
Umayyad sun in Andalusia and their role in public life (138 AH - 422 AH) PhD thesis
Gazal
Mustafa
History Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Natik
Matloob
History Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
244
245
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164846_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164846
Linguistic interpretation of religious and literary texts in the book Derivation by Ibn Duraid (d. 321 AH) PhD thesis
Ibaa Younis
Rashid
History Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Emad
Yahya
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
246
247
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164849_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164849
Visual Formation in Arabic Poetry Since 656 Interpretative Study (PhD thesis)
Abdallah
Salah
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Ahmad Mahmoud
Mohammad Aisa
Nineveh Education Directorate / Ministry of Education / Iraq.
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
248
249
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164852_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164852
Literary communication in the novel - the Arabic novel as a model for ( Phd thesis)
Qutiba
Ali
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Bushra
Albustany
Department of Arabic Language / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
250
250
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164854_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164854
The Sense of Crime and Punishment In the Shakespearean Drama
Azhar
Salah
Department of English Language - College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
Hassan
Mohamed
Department of English Language - College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
The Norman Conquest made French the language of the official class in England. Hence, it is not surprising that many words having to do with government and administration are of French origin. The words ‘crime’ and ‘punishment’ are not an exception to this rule. The word ‘crime’ was derived from the French word ‘crime’, meaning accusation, judgment or offence and it was used instead of the English word ‘sin’. In order to avoid confusion, a distinction should be made between these two words. ‘Sin’ is the taint that exists within the individual’s mind and soul. It involves the notion of gloating over evil schemes without translating them into practice. ‘Crime’, one the other hand, is the tainted action and its grave consequences to others, an evil act which is born of sin.(
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
1
26
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164807_307e8c377226cdc82376f5f2b48f8cf6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164807
The Analysis of the Teaching Behaviour of the Teachers of English at the Intermediate Schools
Huseen
Ahmed
Department of English Language / College of Literature / University of Mosul
author
Asma
Qasim
Open Educational College in Baghdad-Ninavah Centre for Open Educational Study
author
text
article
2004
ara
Language is an organic process that involves the simultaneous acquisition of various skills . To bring about the latter , teachers are required to use the foreign language ( henceforth FL )in those classroom learning situations that motivate learners to communicate. This is so since the teacher is the main milestone in the language teaching process , and he is responsible for presenting the teaching material , encouraging learning and monitoring learners’ progress . A further crucial factor in the learning process is the learner whose role in dealing with the subject of learning is very significant. In order to realize the meaning in English use, the learner has to employ all the available aids including the teacher’s help to improve his own learning,. What is more important is training. Training is a highly complex activity which requires knowledge, understanding, practice and experience (Strevens: 1979, 78). Therefore, the process of teaching English as a foreign language (henceforth TEFL) needs the combination of three basic interdependent elements, (1) the curriculum, (2) the teacher and (3) the learner. The current research aims at focussing on the teacher’s main job to convey the teaching materials and goals to the learner. The teacher should be aware of the fact to make the process of language learning as enjoyable as possible since it will take more time and effort ( Wittich: 1979 , vii). It is generally assumed as self evident that learning a language is a purposeful goal oriented activity ( Widdowson: 1984, 242 ). Therefore, when the teacher wants to develop the learner’s skill and confidence in communication, he should always bear in mind that his goal is the development of learners ability to interact freely with others (Rivers: 1978, i ). So, the teacher’s behaviour is very important in dealing and controlling the lesson in the classroom
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
27
40
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164808_4e0d071ad7e074076e257b06a4053557.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164808
Cultural Implications of Some Concepts of Direction in English and Arabic with Reference to English - Arabic - English
Translation
Muhammad
Dawood(
Dept. of Translation / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
Cultural differences between speech communities very often pose difficulties in conveying the different messages including those falling into the domain of human language proper. This is very obvious when one fails to recognize the expected response from a foreigner on hearing some culture-bound expression or other. It is also felt when a translator may fail to find in the target language (TL) an expression corresponding to that of the source language (SL). This manifestly shows that translation is not, as some may believe, merely the rendering of syntactic and semantic structures of the SL into the TL's corresponding structures. The aim of the present paper is to shed light on some cultural aspects related to certain concepts of direction in both Arabic and English and to discuss points of similarity and difference between them. It also studies the difficulties encountered in the process of translating from one of these languages into the other as far as some directional expressions are concerned. Attention is to be drawn that the examples cited in the paper cover diverse topics and range from the highly literary to the very informal. The main directional expressions to be investigated here are those of UP-DOWN/ اسفل (تحت) – أعلى (فوق) and Right-Left/ یسار (شمال) / یمین
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
41
54
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164834_aeb19520ae820aba6a9fe75fecc72246.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164834
A Pragma – Dialectical Approach to the Study of Arabic Argumentative Discourse
Shifaa’
Al-Hamandi
Department of Translation / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
This paper aims at finding out an approach to the study of argumentative Arabic discourse. It is an attempt to answer the questions of cognitive processing of argumentative discourse, its validity, its (un)expressed premises, its schemes and structures, its fallacies as well as the different strategies used. Accordingly, Eemeren and Grootendorst’s (1984) theory of argumentation is adopted to be applied and modifications are offered to handle Arabic discourse. A set of rules, stages and schemes are thus defined to propose a notion of rationality being crystallized in the methods language users follow to resolve conflict among themselves.
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
55
76
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164829_c74f1a771853deea3c08d3fd179b9827.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164829
Symbols in E.M. Forster's Novels Where Angels Fear to Tread & The Longest Journey
Kutaiba Sh.
Ahmad
English Department / College of Arts / University of Mosul
author
text
article
2004
ara
In Aspects of the Novel, Forster says that the novel should be an aesthetic whole combining form and value and having a story as its backbone. In this self-contained structure there must be an internal harmony which needs the adjustment of characters to one another and adapting them to the story, the plot, the atmosphere of the nove) and so on. The novelist in trying to give a sense of inevitability, resorts to plot. it is a narrative of events in which the emphasis falls upon causality and which is the novel in its logical intellectual aspects. Meanwhile, the writer wishes to have everything in the novel founded on human nature, in other words, founded on the character's will. The difficulty facing the novelist here is the way of achieving both the sense of inevitability and the human nature. This according to Forster, can be done successfully when an incident springs out of the character, and having occurred, alters character to connect people and events closely. It has been rightly noted by Lord David Cecil that “not character or probability, but the thesis Forster wishes to expound determines the main lines of his plot's structure.” (1) This is to an extent true since most of the characters, especially his heroes, cannot be categorized as round or flat, Ansell in The Longest Journey, Ruth Wilcox in Howards End, and Mrs. Moor in A Passage to India serve as examples. They are memorable for a grouping of qualities not for a dimension, or, as Mr. James McConkey says “they have been constructed to represent a portion of Forster's own insight, to suggest a portion of that vision which the novel as a whofe represents.”(2)
Adab Al-Rafidayn
College of Arts, University of Mosul
0378-2867
34
v.
39
no.
2004
77
86
https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_164833_3a98cd7ff66539862b21df8317bb0b8b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.33899/radab.2004.164833